FiveThirtyEightFiveThirtyEight

PUBLISHED Jan. 25, 2018 at 6:00 AM

The Atlas Of Redistricting

By Aaron BycoffeElla KoezeDavid Wasserman and Julia Wolfe

There’s a lot of complaining about gerrymandering, but what should districts look like? We went back to the drawing board and drew a set of alternative congressional maps for the entire country. Each map has a different goal: One is designed to encourage competitive elections, for example, and another to maximize the number of majority-minority districts. See how changes to district boundaries could radically alter the partisan and racial makeup of the U.S. House — without a single voter moving or switching parties. How we did this »

Go To:
Partisan goals
Other goals

Show current district boundaries

Gerrymander districts to favor Republicans

Gerrymander districts to favor Democrats

Match partisan breakdown of seats to electorate

Promote highly competitive elections

Maximize number of majority-minority districts

Make district shapes compact (using an algorithm)

Make districts compact while following county borders

← National map

Chance of being represented by either party

100% D
100% R
Usually Democratic districts Highly competitive districts Usually Republican districts
Current
Usually Democratic districtsHighly competitive districtsUsually Republican districts
Current

Party probabilities

Every district by the chance it will be represented by either party

Dem. chancesGOP chances
Democratic gerrymander
Majority minority
Current
Compact (borders)
Compact (algorithmic)
Highly competitive
Proportionally partisan
Republican gerrymander

Expected seat split

The expected number of seats controlled by Democrats and Republicans, based on their long-term likelihood of winning each district

Democratic gerrymander
Majority minority
Current
Compact (borders)
Compact (algorithmic)
Highly competitive
Proportionally partisan
Republican gerrymander

How the maps compare on district competitiveness, minority makeup, respect for local borders, compactness and the efficiency gap, an attempt to gauge how politically gerrymandered a set of districts is

Efficiency gap
A measure of “wasted” votes, by the size of the advantage and which party it favors
Compact (algorithmic)R+2%
Compact (borders)D+2%
Majority minorityD+2%
CurrentD+3%
CompetitiveD+3%
Dem. gerrymanderD+9%
GOP gerrymanderR+12%
ProportionalR+12%
Competitive districts
Number of districts in which both parties have at least a 1-in-6 chance of winning
Competitive27
Compact (algorithmic)10
Current9
Compact (borders)9
Majority minority7
Proportional5
GOP gerrymander5
Dem. gerrymander0
Majority-nonwhite districts
Number of districts in which a majority of the voting-age population is nonwhite
Majority minority41
Compact (algorithmic)33
Compact (borders)32
Dem. gerrymander31
Current29
Competitive29
Proportional28
GOP gerrymander28
County splits
Number of times a map divides counties into different congressional districts
Compact (borders)51
Current67
Competitive68
Majority minority68
GOP gerrymander79
Proportional79
Dem. gerrymander80
Compact (algorithmic)132
Compactness rank
Rank by the total length of district boundaries, from shortest to longest
Compact (borders)1
Compact (algorithmic)2
Majority minority3
Competitive4
Dem. gerrymander5
GOP gerrymander6
Proportional6
Current8

The racial or ethnic makeup of each district and each district’s likelihood of being represented by a member of a racial or ethnic minority, based on election results since 2006

White
African-American
Hispanic/Latino
Asian/Pacific Islander
Other
Minority coalition
Chance of being represented by a ...Chance of being represented by a ...
DistrictDistrictMajority Race
0%
50%
100%
Minority memberDemocratRepublican
1stWhite
2%3%97%
2ndWhite
9%>99%<1%
3rdWhite
11%81%19%
4thWhite
2%4%96%
5thWhite
17%>99%<1%
6thMinority coalition
24%>99%<1%
7thWhite
5%69%31%
8thWhite
12%6%94%
9thMinority coalition
25%92%8%
10thWhite
20%51%49%
11thWhite
18%>99%<1%
12thMinority coalition
37%>99%<1%
13thMinority coalition
40%>99%<1%
14thMinority coalition
31%>99%<1%
15thMinority coalition
23%>99%<1%
16thHispanic/ Latino
65%94%6%
17thMinority coalition
52%>99%<1%
18thWhite
11%>99%<1%
19thMinority coalition
42%>99%<1%
20thMinority coalition
56%>99%<1%
21stHispanic/ Latino
83%84%16%
22ndMinority coalition
19%8%92%
23rdWhite
10%1%99%
24thWhite
14%89%11%
25thWhite
16%48%52%
26thWhite
28%89%11%
27thMinority coalition
30%>99%<1%
28thWhite
16%>99%<1%
29thHispanic/ Latino
91%>99%<1%
30thWhite
15%>99%<1%
31stMinority coalition
51%93%7%
32ndHispanic/ Latino
77%>99%<1%
33rdWhite
5%>99%<1%
34thHispanic/ Latino
91%>99%<1%
35thHispanic/ Latino
89%>99%<1%
36thWhite
27%62%38%
37thMinority coalition
71%>99%<1%
38thHispanic/ Latino
76%>99%<1%
39thMinority coalition
11%49%51%
40thHispanic/ Latino
99%>99%<1%
41stHispanic/ Latino
66%98%2%
42ndWhite
12%7%93%
43rdMinority coalition
77%>99%<1%
44thHispanic/ Latino
96%>99%<1%
45thWhite
5%28%72%
46thHispanic/ Latino
80%>99%<1%
47thMinority coalition
23%98%2%
48thWhite
3%22%78%
49thWhite
6%41%59%
50thWhite
6%3%97%
51stHispanic/ Latino
90%>99%<1%
52ndWhite
5%87%13%
53rdMinority coalition
21%99%1%

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METHODOLOGY

Methodology

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ESSAY

Essay

Hating Gerrymandering Is Easy. Why Is Fixing It So Hard?

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