How to read political polls in 2024

Not all polls are created equal. Here's 538's guide to interpreting them.

September 16, 2024

Trump endorsed more Republicans in 2024 than ever before

The former president has taken over the traditional GOP endorsement apparatus.

September 13, 2024

How Taylor Swift's endorsement of Harris could change the election end game

Swift’s fans largely lean Democratic, but her support could boost engagement.

September 13, 2024

Early polls say Harris won the presidential debate

But it’s unclear how much, or whether, it will shift the race.

September 11, 2024

Why abortion was a bigger issue in the Harris-Trump debate | 538 Politics podcast

The 538 crew discusses how the issue of reproductive rights played a bigger role in the Harris-Trump debate compared to the previous debate with Trump and Biden.

September 11, 2024

How did the candidates perform at the debate? | 538 Politics podcast

ABC News politics reporter Brittany Shepherd shares insight into what surrogates said about the candidates' performance in the spin room after the debate.

September 11, 2024

Do Americans know Kamala Harris better after the debate? | 538 Politics podcast

538's Galen Druke and Nathaniel Rakich discuss whether Kamala Harris was able to define herself to Americans during the debate.

September 11, 2024

What polling says about key voting groups in the 2024 election

The 538 team discusses what polling reveals about young, older and first-time voters ahead of the November election.

September 10, 2024

What does economic data reveal about the November election? | 538 Politics Podcast

538's Galen Druke and Geoffrey Skelley discuss the role economic sentiment could play in the 2024 presidential election.

September 10, 2024

6 primaries to watch in New Hampshire and Delaware

Both states pick their next governors this year.

September 10, 2024

What the polls say ahead of the Harris-Trump presidential debate

Americans think Harris will win, but she has ground to make up on key issues.

September 9, 2024

Customize our 2024 presidential election forecast

Pick the winner in a state to see how 538's presidential forecast would change.

September 9, 2024

What does the upcoming presidential debate mean for Harris? | 538 Politics Podcast

538's Galen Druke and Nathaniel Rakich discuss the importance of Kamala Harris’s first presidential debate.

September 7, 2024

3 potential sources of polling error in the 2024 election | 538 Politics Podcast

538's Galen Druke speaks with Ruth Igielnik of The New York Times about potential sources of error in polling.

September 7, 2024

The 2024 voting landscape is a recipe for confusion

High turnout and new voting rules could cause problems at the polls in November.

September 6, 2024

Can a smartphone app conduct political polls?

We clear up confusion over ActiVote, a prolific pollster with unique methods.

September 5, 2024

What issues are the most important to voters heading into November?

538's Galen Druke and Nathaniel Rakich talk with Ruth Igielnik of The New York Times about what issues are important to voters and which ones will become hot topics during election season.

September 4, 2024

How is Harris polling compared to Biden's 2020 performance? | 538 Politics Podcast

Ruth Igielnik of The New York Times talks about how Kamala Harris is performing among swing states and demographic groups.

September 4, 2024

Harris's candidacy has caused a surge in voter enthusiasm | 538 Politics Podcast

538's Galen Druke speaks with Ruth Igielnik of The New York Times about how voter enthusiasm has shifted since Kamala Harris became the Democratic nominee.

September 4, 2024

Can you guess how Americans feel about Harris's platform?

Test your knowledge of what the public thinks about the VP’s policies.

September 4, 2024

Is the Democratic Party a strong party?

Democrats' ouster of Biden shows political parties may still have some muscle.

September 3, 2024

Harris got a polling bounce before her convention, not after

Trump got a small boost after the RNC, but Harris's candidacy reset the race.

August 30, 2024

How the latest economic shifts could affect the presidential race

538's Galen Druke and Jeanna Smialek from The New York Times talk about potential economic changes that could impact how people vote in the 2024 presidential election.

August 30, 2024

How are Harris and Trump talking about the economy? | 538 Politics Podcast

Jeanna Smialek from The New York Times discusses how Democrats and Republicans are tackling issues like taxes and more on the campaign trail.

August 30, 2024

Economists are optimistic about the health of the economy | 538 Politics Podcast

538's Galen Druke speaks with Jeanna Smialek from The New York Times about economic sentiment data leading up to the 2024 presidential election.

August 30, 2024

How did Democrats talk about issues at a DNC devoted to ideals?

The party played to its strengths on issues like abortion rights and democracy.

August 28, 2024

How 538 is adjusting our election model for Harris versus Trump

We simplified our model and made it more responsive to polling.

August 28, 2024

3 reasons why racist attacks on Harris could backfire

Data and research suggest they could cost Trump support.

August 27, 2024

What can Washington state's primary tell us about November? | 538 Politics Podcast

538's Galen Druke and Geoffrey Skelley talk about how Washington state's primary results could be an indication of a shift toward Democrats in the national House vote.

August 27, 2024

Can RFK Jr. win a contingent election? | 538 Politics Podcast

The 538 team discusses the likelihood of independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. winning a contingent election, following his exit from the 2024 presidential race.

August 27, 2024

How public opinion has changed from previous elections | 538 Politics Podcast

538's Galen Druke and Geoffrey Skelley discuss Vice President Kamala Harris's differences from Hillary Clinton’s 2016 campaign.

August 27, 2024

What can Washington's primary tell us about the fight for the House majority?

Democrats could lose a seat in the Evergreen State but make national gains.

August 26, 2024

Harris says she will 'fight for America's future' on final night of the DNC | 538

The crew reacts to the final night of the Democratic National Convention.

August 23, 2024

Chicago's young voters talk 2024 presidential election at the DNC

538 senior elections analyst Nathaniel Rakich speaks with three young voters from Chicago as the 2024 Democratic National Convention takes place.

August 21, 2024

The Obamas dominate night 2 of the DNC | 538 Politics Podcast

The crew reacts to night two of the Democratic National Convention

August 21, 2024

Do voters know what Harris stands for? | 538 Politics Podcast

538's Galen Druke discusses Harris' policy positions, or the lack thereof, with senior elections analyst Geoffrey Skelley, and whether this could be an advantage for her.

August 19, 2024

How much influence does Harris have on Biden's policies? | 538 Politics Podcast

538 senior elections analyst Geoffrey Skelley talks to Galen Druke about how Kamala Harris is set to establish her own presence outside of President Joe Biden as the 2024 DNC begins.

August 19, 2024

Who are presidential delegates and what are their roles?

538 senior elections analyst Nathaniel Rakich explains the role of delegates and how they're selected as the 2024 DNC kicks off in Chicago.

August 19, 2024

Greetings from the 2024 DNC in Chicago

538’s Nathaniel Rakich takes a look at the history of political conventions in the Windy City.

August 19, 2024

How do voters pick a candidate? | 538 Politics Podcast

Carlos Odio, co-founder of Equis Research, discusses what questions voters consider when going to the polls.

August 16, 2024

How important is the border for Latino voters? | 538 Politics Podcast

Carlos Odio, co-founder of Equis Research, and 538's Galen Druke talk about the importance of Vice President Kamala Harris clarifying her stance on issues like immigration.

August 16, 2024

Democratic support among Latino voters has shifted since Biden dropped out

538's Galen Druke talks to Carlos Odio, co-founder of Equis Research, about a possible shift in Latino voters toward Vice President Kamala Harris.

August 16, 2024

UPDATED Sep. 26, 2024, at 2:16 PM

Who Is Favored To Win Minnesota's 10 Electoral Votes?

538 uses polling, economic and demographic data to explore likely election outcomes.

Harris wins 79 times out of 100
in our simulations of the 2024 presidential election.
Trump wins 21 times out of 100.
Harris
 
 
Trump
 
 
 
 simulations
Harris wins Minn.
Trump wins Minn.
No winner
Popular vote margin

What are the latest polls in Minnesota?

We adjust polls for house effects, mode, partisanship, voter likelihood and third parties and weight them based on their firm’s 538 pollster rating and how often it polls.

DatesPollster
Sponsor
538 Pollster RatingResultNet result
Sept. 16-19
1.8
Harris
50%
44%
Trump
Harris +6
Sept. 16-18
2.6
Harris
48%
43%
Trump
Harris +5
Sept. 9-18
1.8
Harris
50%
43%
Trump
Harris +7
Sept. 6-9
1.8
Harris
51%
44%
Trump
Harris +7
Sept. 4-8
1.4
Harris
49%
45%
Trump
Harris +4
Aug. 30-Sept. 8
1.8
Harris
51%
44%
Trump
Harris +7
Aug. 27-29
2.8
Harris
48%
43%
Trump
Harris +5
Aug. 25-28
1.8
Harris
51%
42%
Trump
Harris +9
Aug. 12-15
1.8
Harris
47%
40%
Trump
Harris +7
July 31-Aug. 3
1.8
Harris
46%
41%
Trump
Harris +5
Dates
Pollster
Sponsor
538 Pollster Rating
Result
Net result
50%
44%
Harris +6
Sept. 9-18
1.8
50%
43%
Harris +7
51%
44%
Harris +7
49%
45%
Harris +4
Aug. 30-Sept. 8
1.8
51%
44%
Harris +7
51%
42%
Harris +9
47%
40%
Harris +7
46%
41%
Harris +5

How has the forecast changed in Minnesota over time?

The forecast updates at least once a day and whenever we get new data. Uncertainty will decrease as we get closer to Election Day.

We forecast the popular vote only for candidates polling at 5 percent or higher nationally, polling at 10 percent or higher in at least one state or who are on the ballot in almost every state. Since Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s withdrawal, only Harris and Trump meet these criteria, so we are effectively forecasting the two-way popular vote between Democrats and Republicans.

What do the polls or fundamentals alone say?

Our forecast is based on a combination of the polls and various economic and political variables we call the “fundamentals.” This chart shows how we get from the polls today to a forecast for [state] on Election Day.

Median
95% of outcomes fall in this range
Margin of victory
Polling averages
Polling averages

Polling average

The state of public opinion today, according only to 538’s average of polls in [state] and accounting for trends in national polls.

Adjusted polling average

The polling average for [state] adjusted for movement in similar states and the effects of party conventions.

Forecast components
Weight

Forecast of polling average on Election Day

The adjusted polling average with uncertainty intervals that account for potential movement in the race between now and Election Day. This does not account for the chance that the polls systematically underestimate one candidate.

00

Fundamentals-only forecast

What our fundamentals model alone would predict the popular vote margin to be.

00

Full forecast

Our final forecast of the popular vote, based on a weighted average of the polls and fundamentals using the weights above. This accounts for the chance that the polls systematically underestimate one candidate.

Forecast components may not exactly add up to full forecast because of rounding and random sampling. (When combining the components, we take a random sample of simulations from each, and they may not exactly match the full sample of simulations.)

How has [state] voted in the past?

The results of the last six presidential elections in [state] compared with the national popular vote.

20XXDem.Rep.
ST XX.X%XX.X%
U.S.XX.X%XX.X%

See a different contest

Alabama
Better for Cand than ST
Alaska
Better for Cand than ST
Arizona
Better for Cand than ST
Arkansas
Better for Cand than ST
California
Better for Cand than ST
Colorado
Better for Cand than ST
Connecticut
Better for Cand than ST
District of Columbia
Better for Cand than ST
Delaware
Better for Cand than ST
Florida
Better for Cand than ST
Georgia
Better for Cand than ST
Hawaii
Better for Cand than ST
Idaho
Better for Cand than ST
Illinois
Better for Cand than ST
Indiana
Better for Cand than ST
Iowa
Better for Cand than ST
Kansas
Better for Cand than ST
Kentucky
Better for Cand than ST
Louisiana
Better for Cand than ST
Maine
Better for Cand than ST
Maine 1st District
Better for Cand than ST
Maine 2nd District
Better for Cand than ST
Maryland
Better for Cand than ST
Massachusetts
Better for Cand than ST
Michigan
Better for Cand than ST
Minnesota
Better for Cand than ST
Mississippi
Better for Cand than ST
Missouri
Better for Cand than ST
Montana
Better for Cand than ST
Nebraska
Better for Cand than ST
Nebraska 1st District
Better for Cand than ST
Nebraska 2nd District
Better for Cand than ST
Nebraska 3rd District
Better for Cand than ST
Nevada
Better for Cand than ST
New Hampshire
Better for Cand than ST
New Jersey
Better for Cand than ST
New Mexico
Better for Cand than ST
New York
Better for Cand than ST
North Carolina
Better for Cand than ST
North Dakota
Better for Cand than ST
Ohio
Better for Cand than ST
Oklahoma
Better for Cand than ST
Oregon
Better for Cand than ST
Pennsylvania
Better for Cand than ST
Rhode Island
Better for Cand than ST
South Carolina
Better for Cand than ST
South Dakota
Better for Cand than ST
Tennessee
Better for Cand than ST
Texas
Better for Cand than ST
Utah
Better for Cand than ST
Vermont
Better for Cand than ST
Virginia
Better for Cand than ST
Washington
Better for Cand than ST
West Virginia
Better for Cand than ST
Wisconsin
Better for Cand than ST
Wyoming
Better for Cand than ST
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Sources: American National Election Studies, The American Presidency Project at the University of California Santa Barbara, Ballotpedia, Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections, Federal Election Commission, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, MIT Election Data and Science Lab, Our Campaigns, polls, The Roper Center, state election websites, U.S. Census Bureau, University of Michigan Survey Research Center, VoteSmart